What are organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms called?

Organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms are known as decomposers. Decomposers play a crucial role in the ecosystem by recycling nutrients back into the soil, which supports the growth of plants. They consist mainly of bacteria and fungi that decompose organic matter, turning complex substances into simpler compounds. This process not only cleans up the environment but also contributes to soil health by returning vital nutrients.

Producers convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain but do not play the role of breaking down dead materials. Pathogens are organisms that cause disease, and while they can contribute to the breakdown of organic material, their primary function is not decomposition. Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by eating other living organisms and do not facilitate the breakdown of dead matter. This highlights the distinctive and essential role of decomposers within an ecosystem.