What defines the process of natural selection?

Natural selection is fundamentally defined by the principle that organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This concept was introduced by Charles Darwin and is a core mechanism of evolution. It suggests that certain traits or characteristics that confer an advantage in specific environments will become more common in a population over generations, as those individuals are more successful at surviving, finding mates, and producing offspring.

For example, in a population of animals, those with traits that better enable them to find food, escape predators, or withstand disease will be more likely to thrive compared to those without such advantageous traits. Over time, this leads to a gradual shift in the population's characteristics, aligning more closely with the demands of their environment.

In contrast, random reproduction does not take into account the adaptive traits that influence survival and does not characterize natural selection. The notion of survival of the weakest organisms is a misunderstanding of natural selection, as it is the stronger or better-adapted individuals that tend to survive and reproduce. Immediate genetic alteration in species suggests a rapid change in response to environmental pressures, which does not reflect the gradual process nature of natural selection; significant genetic changes occur over long periods as those adaptations slowly accumulate.