What does the term "water table" refer to?

The term "water table" specifically refers to the upper surface of an aquifer, which is the zone where soil or rock is saturated with water. Below this level, all pore spaces in the soil or rock are filled with groundwater. The water table can fluctuate based on various factors such as precipitation, drought, and human activities like well drilling. Understanding where the water table lies is crucial for water resource management as it impacts the availability of groundwater for various uses such as drinking water, agriculture, and industrial processes. This definition highlights its significance in hydrology and environmental science, emphasizing its role in the natural water cycle.