What factor is essential for the health of coral reef ecosystems?

The health of coral reef ecosystems is greatly influenced by temperature regulation and water clarity. Coral reefs thrive in specific temperature ranges, typically between 68°F to 85°F (20°C to 29°C). When temperatures rise above this ideal range, it can lead to coral bleaching, where corals expel the symbiotic algae they rely on for nutrients, resulting in a loss of color and essential energy sources.

Additionally, clear water is crucial for the health of coral reefs because it allows sunlight to penetrate to the coral, which is necessary for photosynthesis carried out by the algae (zooxanthellae) living in the coral's tissues. When water becomes turbid due to sedimentation or pollution, it reduces the light availability, negatively impacting the growth and survival of coral.

Thus, maintaining suitable temperature and water clarity is vital for the sustenance and resilience of coral reef ecosystems, enabling them to support diverse marine life and maintain their structural integrity.