What term describes minerals or sediments that are formed in their present location?

The term that describes minerals or sediments that are formed in their present location is "residual." Residual sediments are those that have developed from the weathering of rock in the same area, meaning they have not been moved from their original site. This process typically involves the breakdown of bedrock through weathering processes, leading to the formation of soil and other materials that are characteristic of that specific location.

For example, when limestone weathers, it can create residual soils that retain the chemical characteristics of the original rock. This contrasts with sediments that have been transported from another location, which would not be classified as residual.