Why are coral reefs considered important ecosystems?

Coral reefs are considered important ecosystems primarily because they provide habitat for a diverse array of marine life and play a crucial role in protecting coastlines. These vibrant ecosystems support thousands of species, including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks, fostering biodiversity that contributes to the health of the ocean. Furthermore, coral reefs act as natural barriers against waves and storms, helping to protect coastal areas from erosion and reducing the impact of storm surges. This protective function is vital for the preservation of both human settlements and marine habitats.

The other options do not capture the full ecological significance of coral reefs. While they may attract tourists, that is not their primary ecological function. Describing them as simple ecosystems is misleading, as they actually encompass complex relationships among a multitude of species. Additionally, coral reefs are predominantly marine ecosystems, not freshwater environments, which situates them in a unique role within global marine biodiversity.